Understanding Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
Learn about FASD
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a brain-based injury that can occur when an unborn baby is exposed to alcohol. FASD is a life-long disorder with effects that include physical, mental, behavioural and learning disabilities. These effects can vary from mild to severe.
FASD occurs in all cultures and at all levels of society. Health Canada estimates that the disorder is present in nine in 1,000 live births.
FASD is often referred to as an invisible disability. Due to the fact that we can’t see the disability, FASD is often misdiagnosed or misunderstood. Learning and behavioural challenges are often mistaken for other disorders.
While individuals with FASD may share some common features, every individual is unique and has their own strengths and challenges.
Primary disabilities
Some primary disabilities commonly associated with FASD include:
- Attention deficits, easily distracted
- Developmental delays e.g. may act younger than their age
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity e.g. may say or do something without thinking about consequences
- Disorganization
- Poor social skills
- Difficulty with abstract concepts
- Memory problems
- Difficulty with transitions
- Sensitivities to light, sound, touch and texture
Secondary disabilities
Secondary disabilities of FASD can result from negative consequences of primary disabilities and can often change with appropriate and timely interventions. Secondary characteristics include:
- Mental health disorders
- Alcohol and drug addictions
- Disrupted school experience
- Trouble with the law
- Problems with employment
- Frustration, acting out, irritability
- Inappropriate sexual behaviour
- Homelessness
- Dependent living
Secondary characteristics can be prevented with protective factors such as early diagnosis of FASD, a stable and supportive family life, and a school program that supports the primary disabilities of FASD.
Diagnosing FASD
Diagnosing FASD can be difficult as there is no single test that can cover the wide range of signs and symptoms. FASD is usually diagnosed by a team of health professionals, including a physician, psychologist, social worker, occupational therapist, speech and language specialist.
Although FASD is a life-long condition, people with FASD can benefit greatly from appropriate interventions and support. This support may come from physicians, educators, psychologists, training for parents and caregivers, and more.
Resources
For more information on FASD, contact your family physician or visit:
- The Government of Canada’s website at https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorder.html
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Ontario Network of Expertise at http://www.fasdontario.ca/cms/
- Resources and tips for educators can be found at http://www.fasdontario.ca/cms/service-areas/education/
- FASD Education Essentials (PDF)